PUNK ART

The origin of punk has never been determined, and although many believe it to have started from the early 70's, some believe it can be traced even further back. The term 'punk' was originally used to characterise musicians in the mid 60's who where not trained vocally or musically. The 'New York Dolls' adopted a distinctive attitude and style in the punk scene that was inspired from the transvestite community. They where known for their extravagant dress sense and outrageous behavior, including Nazi salutes in photographs. The message of the punk scene was dissident, counter-cultural, disobedient and politically outspoken, but this was eventually lost over years. It now focuses on music instead of attitude and behavior. Punk became established in the mid 70's, were the youth of that time became more daring and rebellious which lead to them wearing outrageous clothing that wasn't seen before. On the contrary of the norm were clothes where kept to look clean and presentable, clothes now were being torn up and printed. Many of the original punk styles have seen a return in today's society such as hair dyeing and shaving. It can be seen that punk has left a mark on our society's culture which varies from music, to fashion, to art.

New York Dolls

A flyer promoting a gig by Adam and the Ants 1977.

Anarchy in the UK fanzine 1976

References:

The Art of Punk and the Punk Aesthetic: Observatory: Design Observer. 2013.The Art of Punk and the Punk Aesthetic: Observatory: Design Observer. [ONLINE] Available at: http://observatory.designobserver.com/feature/the-art-of-punk-and-the-punk-aesthetic/36708/. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

Arts London News | The art of punk movement. 2013. Arts London News | The art of punk movement. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.artslondonnews.com/2012/11/22/the-art-of-punk-movement/. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

FASHION DESIGN

The main aim of early fashion was to create attractive apparel but as time passed over years, it has become more about personal appearance. Fashion design can include anything from shoes, to clothes, to hairstyles, to accessories. Because of it's constant evolution, many people have tried venturing out into the fashion world. Fashion Designers during the 19th century where used by design houses to create paintings and illustrations made of clothing that were then presented to a client who would pick according to their own preferences, and only then would the garment be made and sewn as this was considered more economical. Paris became the center of the fashion world. Fashion Designers would first appear in Paris before making their items available in the US or other parts of Europe. Around this same time, haute couture (the design and creation of a custom-made apparel) had reached it's top popularity. Fashion has now also expanded to include careers in fashion photography, styling, fashion merchandising and fashion buying. Green fashion is also gaining popularity as people have started the attempt to keep themselves more environment-friendly. This fashion type is urging designers to explore the use of organic materials in their garments. Technology has also become an increasingly popular means of business as accessory design. Wearable technology has become another facet of fashion design. Today, clothing is mass-produced worldwide making it easier to make and cheaper to sell.

Egyptian Design - Then & Now.

Grecian Design - Then & Now.

Victorian Design - Then & Now.

50's Design - Then & Now.

References:

All Things Historical Fiction: Fashion Throughout History (12th - 19th) Centuries. 2013. All Things Historical Fiction: Fashion Throughout History (12th - 19th) Centuries. [ONLINE] Available at:http://allthingshistoricalfiction.blogspot.com/2011/05/fashion-throughout-history-12th-19th.html. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

. 2013. . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.articlesbase.com/shopping-articles/fashion-design-changes-over-the-years-987126.html. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

POP ART

Pop Art was a movement that created a sense of optimism during the post war consumer boom of the 1950's and 1960's. It was part of pop music and youth culture which was personified by the Beatles and Elvis. It was a young, fun and hostile artistic expression. It included various styles of both painting and sculpture from various countries, but the common factor was that they all had the common interest in mass-media, mass-culture and mass-production.

Andy Warhol, a very popular Pop Art artist was born in 1928 in Pittsburgh. He and his family were immigrants who settled in Pennsylvania. In 1945, he entered the Carnegie Institute of Technology for unconventional artistic education. During his studies, he worked as a part-time window dresser for department stores, which helped him be in contact with one of his principal elements, advertising. His first major success was in 1949 when he was asked by Glamour Magazine for an illustrated article called "Success is a Job in New York". By 1995 Andy Warhol had almost all of new York copying his work and he was very well known for creating ink images with colour modifications. In the 1960's Warhol also made a series of films about time, boredom and repetition.

Andy Warhol - Marilyn 1962.

Andy Warhol - Goethe 1982

Andy Warhol - Shoes 1980

Roy Lichtenstein - Water Lilies (Blue Lily Pad) 1992.

David Hockney - The Road to York through Sledmere 1997

References:

Pop Art - the art of popular culture. 2013. Pop Art - the art of popular culture. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/pop_art.htm. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

Andy Warhol - Paintings,biography,facts and quotes of Andy Warhol. 2013.Andy Warhol - Paintings,biography,facts and quotes of Andy Warhol. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.andywarhol.net/. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

Andy Warhol Biography - Bio. 2013. Andy Warhol Biography - Bio. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.warhols.com/bio.html. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

Andy Warhol Paintings, Top 20 Art Works. 2013. Andy Warhol Paintings, Top 20 Art Works. [ONLINE] Available at: http://spreadlove.org/andy-warhol-paintings-top-20-art-works/. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

artnet Galleries: Water Lilies (Blue Lily Pad) by Roy Lichtenstein from William Campbell Contemporary Art, Inc.. 2013. artnet Galleries: Water Lilies (Blue Lily Pad) by Roy Lichtenstein from William Campbell Contemporary Art, Inc.. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.artnet.com/artwork/426251928/206/roy-lichtenstein-water-lilies-blue-lily-pad.html. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

DAVID HOCKNEY: PAINTINGS. 2013. DAVID HOCKNEY: PAINTINGS. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.hockneypictures.com/works_paintings.php. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

SURREALISM

Surrealism first started in Paris by a small group of artists and writers who focused on creating images by exploring the subconscious and what imaginations they can explore from it. They went against rationalism and realism and where greatly influenced by Sigmund Freud (The most famous psychology figure who was the most influential and controversial thinkers of the 20th century). Surrealists believed that the conscious mind held an individual's power of imagination back. Their emphasis on the importance of imagination sends them back to the tradition of Romanticism, but unlike Romantic artists, they managed to see revelations in things that could be found commonly and in everyday life. Surrealism became one of the most influential movements in the 20th century. 

Salvador Dali - The Persistence of Memory c.1931.

Salvador Dali - Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee c.1944.

Salvador Dali - Geopolitics Child Watching the Birth of the New Man c.1943.

Rene Magritte - The Red Model II.

Rene Magritte - The Blank Cheque.

References:

Surrealism Movement, Artists and Major Works | The Art Story. 2013.Surrealism Movement, Artists and Major Works | The Art Story. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theartstory.org/movement-surrealism.htm. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

Famous Paintings by Salvador Dalí. 2013. Famous Paintings by Salvador Dalí. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.show-your-own-art-gallery.com/paintings-by-salvador-dali.html. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

Salvador Dalí. Short and informative about his life and work.. 2013. Salvador Dalí. Short and informative about his life and work.. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.show-your-own-art-gallery.com/salvador-dali.html. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

Freud - The Life, Work and Theories of Sigmund Freud. 2013. Freud - The Life, Work and Theories of Sigmund Freud. [ONLINE] Available at:http://psychology.about.com/od/sigmundfreud/p/sigmund_freud.htm. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

Salvador Dalí Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story - Biography.com . 2013.Salvador Dalí Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story - Biography.com . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/salvador-dal%C3%AD-40389. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

IMPRESSIONISM

Impressionism started in the mid 1800's in France. Given the different approach to painting, the Impressionists where not popular because at that time painters still worked very traditionally; that involved hours of detailed work on a painting in a studio. These impressionistic paintings where very often painted outdoors because the artists wanted to show the immediate effect of the light and colour that a person or landscape had at a particular time of the day.  These kind of works where often described as 'captured moments', which up close look messy and unreal, but at a distance, the short, quick brush strokes are automatically blended together by one's eyes to see the painter's subject.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir, a French painter, created around 6,000 pieces of artwork over the 60 years of his artistic profession as a painter. An apartment in the Louvre where Renoir lived in when he was four years old after having moved there with his family, is now a great art museum. He decided to take up painting as a profession when he was at the age of 13. He later went on to meet other artists such as Degas and Manet and became one of the very first impressionists. He had light, lively work that showed people socializing and enjoying life in the days lived in Paris.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881.

Edgar Degas - Blue Dancers, c.1899.

Edouard Manet - Girl In The Garden At Bellevue.

Claude Monet - Impression Sunrise.

References:

http://www.claudemonetgallery.org/Impression--Sunrise.html
http://www.manetedouard.org/Girl-In-The-Garden-At-Bellevue.html
Renoir - French Artist (1841 - 1919). 2013. Renoir - French Artist (1841 - 1919). [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.theartgallery.com.au/kidsart/learn/renoir/. [Accessed 15 May 2013].

ROMANTICISM

Romanticism was a time after the 'enlightenment time', a time where the art being made was structured and orderly. This time ended around the late 18th Century, this is when Romanticism began and developed through into the 19th century. Some different characteristics of Romanticism can be seen through impressive landscape, by expressive art such as storms  seas, tragedies, punishment, disasters, freedom of expression, war, torture, and by vast topics such as rebellion or nostalgia. Romanticism is a way of creating a dramatic scene that rebelled against the era before it and it's structure and order over society, to break away from tradition. It was the beginning of a rebellious culture and encouraged on emotion and imagination. 

Francisco De Goya y Lucientes (17-80-1828), a painter famously known for his Romantic art, was a Spanish painter was is known for his scenes which portray violence and cruelty which where prompted and inspired by the French Invasion of Spain. He created 80 etchings and aquatints called "The Disasters of War" which show these scenes that he painted from the French Invasion. Goya manages to dehumanize the people in his paintings whatever party in the war they belonged to. In the artwork entitled "And they are like wild beasts", the viewer will find that it is not the french soldiers who are mentioned in the title, but instead the women who are fiercely fighting to protect themselves as well as their children. This was a clear example of Romanticism where one could see the imagination that Goya had to be able to think of the women being attacked and turn them into the attackers. The image itself also creates fierce emotions through the violence portrayed by the figures in the artwork.

Francisco Goya - And They Are Like Wild Beasts, c. 1810-1813.

Other examples in Romanticism:

Ingres - The Apotheosis of Homer, 1827.

Eugene Delacroix - Death of Sardanapalus, 1827.

Aexandre Calame - Am Urnersee, 1849.

References:

Romanticism | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2013. Romanticism | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roma/hd_roma.htm. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

Francisco Goya - "The Disasters of War", 1810-1820 - Richard Harris Art Collection. 2013. Francisco Goya - "The Disasters of War", 1810-1820 - Richard Harris Art Collection. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.richardharrisartcollection.com/portfolio-view/francisco-goya-2/. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

Francisco De Goya - The complete works - Page 3. 2013. Francisco De Goya - The complete works - Page 3. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.franciscodegoya.net/home-3-24-1-0.html. [Accessed 20 May 2013].